Programming languages are a set of instructions that tell computers how to do things. They’re not just for computer scientists, though! Anyone can learn how to use them, and when you do, you’ll be able to make your own programs or websites.
There are many different programming languages out there, but they’re all based on one of three types: imperative, object-oriented (OO), or functional. Imperative programming is the most common type of programming, and it involves giving instructions in a way that resembles natural language. In OO programming, you create objects with specific functions and qualities that interact with each other. Functional programming focuses on writing code that performs operations rather than creating objects.
If you’re new to programming, it’s best to start with an imperative language like JavaScript or Python. They’re easier for beginners because they involve fewer concepts that can be confusing if you’ve never done them before (like objects).
Programming Languages For Beginners
7 Best programming languages for beginners to learn in 2021
TECHNOLOGY
If you are a beginner in the IT industry, here are the top 7 programming languages that you can opt for in 2021 to improve your coding skills.259860 Views26 Aug 2021, 01:21 AM
Rakhee SharmaThe world is expanding digitally and with every aspect of our lives becoming digital, the demand for computer experts is skyrocketing each day. Therefore, having knowledge of programming languages has become crucial for every IT professional. In fact, programming languages sit at the epicentre of this ever-growing field of Computer Science.
If you are a beginner in programming, learning a new language or a new framework is essential. As a fresher in the field of programming language, make sure that you remain steady in both learning and coding. However, it can be daunting and confusing for you to choose the best one out of a pool of hundreds of programming languages out there.
Here are the top 7 programming languages that you can hang in 2021 and learn them to improve your coding skills:
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1. JavaScript
JavaScript is the most used programming language in the world. Even famous social media platforms such as Facebook, Google, or YouTube, use JavaScript in their infrastructure. JavaScript is famous for its various frameworks, such as Node.js, and you get a language capable of server-side scripting too. Not only this, with the use of JavaScript, one can also build full-scale games in an external game engine or the browser using JavaScript. JavaScript is mainly used for Front-end and back-end web development, mobile apps and developing games
2. Python
The ever-growing importance of data in business has resulted in a quick rise in popularity and demand for Python. Python is used in server-side development, web and mobile app development to building machine learning software, there’s nothing Python can’t do. Also, this programming language has a vast collection of libraries, tools, and frameworks that make it a must in the field of Data Science and Machine Learning.
Along with being exceptional at handling Data, it’s also incredibly versatile. Therefore, based on potential and demand, Python is one language to learn in 2021 and it’s intuitive and elementary to learn, even for beginners. Python is mainly used for data science, artificial intelligence, machine learning, back end development, web/ mobile app development and Internet of Things.
3. Go
Go is a short form of Golang, and the tech giant Google developed it in 2007 as an alternative to languages like Java, C, and C++. Projects like Kubernetes, Docker, and Blockchain use Go to support multi-threading and concurrent running of processes effortlessly. For beginners, Go is one of the best programming languages to learn in 2021 because of its features such as simplicity, speed, dynamism, and rising popularity. Also, Go is lightweight and excellent for writing network applications. Go is mainly used for graphics, machine learning, mobile applications, network and system programming.
4. Java
If we talk about Java as a programming language, this is one of the oldest object-oriented programming languages. It is still one of the most popular and highly sought-after. It holds the #2 rank in the PYPL popularity index in June 2021. Java as a programming language is omnipresent in web, Android apps, banking and finance software, desktop, and so on.
Moreover, you get scalability, robust memory allocation, numerous libraries, APIs, and high security with Java. Java can also be efficiently used in handling vast amounts of data and can run on any operating system. Therefore, Java will always remain relevant and in high demand because of its multitude of efficient features. Java is mainly used for Android App Development, Web Development, Software and Finance & e-commerce.
5. Kotlin
We cannot deny the fact that Android is the highest-selling and most used operating system globally and Google has declared Kotlin as the primary language for Android development. Hence, for those who want to jump into Android development, the best programming language is Kotlin. This is a cross-platform general-purpose coding language that gives you full interoperability with Java.
Also, the use of Kotlin is increasing in fields such as server-side development, web and cloud development, data science, etc. Therefore, learning Kotlin in 2021 can take you a long way in furthering or starting your career as a developer. Kotlin is mainly used for android app development, software and web development, data science and server-side development.
6. PHP
Tech giants such as Yahoo, Wikipedia, and Facebook value the PHP programming language. PHPs syntax is very clear and easy to learn and almost 80% of all websites use PHP. On the other hand PHP offers many powerful frameworks such as Laravel, making your life even easier. Moreover, PHP is compatible with all prominent databases, packs a punch with loads of automation tools for deploying and testing your applications. PHP is mainly used for backend web development and server-side scripting.
7. C#
C# is commonly known as “C sharp”. This was built by Microsoft and inspired by the C programming language. However, C# is way more advanced than the C programming language. Also, it is dynamic and fully integrated with the .NET framework. C# is loved by most developers as it is used for making 2D and 3D games using the Unity gaming engine. Not only this, it is prevalent for desktop and mobile app development, too. C# holds 4th position in the PYPL popularity index at this moment, the demand and growth of C# as a programming language is certainly going to scale with time.
So, if you are a beginner and planning to learn a programming language, try hands-on with C# in 2021. C# is mainly used for 2D and 3D game development, web development, desktop and mobile apps VR. Well, gaining knowledge of multiple programming languages has also become a trend among techies in recent years. Also, it is important to brush up on your programming knowledge every now and then by taking skill tests and by participating in challenges and hackathons. If you are a programming enthusiast, TechGig can be your one-stop platform to fulfil all your learning and upskilling needs.
hardest programming language to learn
If you want to learn to code, which programming language should you start with? Here are the top 5 easiest and top 5 hardest programming languages.
hardest and easiest programming languages to learn
What’s the easiest programming language to learn? What about the hardest programming language?
Asking a programmer about the easiest language to learn is like asking someone about their favorite ice cream. Everyone has a preference and there is no real right answer. As developer and educator Marek Zaluski once suggested, “Programming languages are created by programmers, for programmers.” Almost like an insider secret that only a select few know. This can make it intimidating for those who are new to the field of software engineering.
On the other hand, without mastering the popular programming languages, you can’t become a great software engineer. In this article, we’ll identify and compare the easiest programming languages with high-level programming languages. We’ll also identify new programming languages, open-source programming languages, and which languages are in high demand.
Easy programming languages
- HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the language that is used to code most web pages. It uses tags and elements to define how text, images, and interactive forms can be displayed. HTML is often supported by Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define sophisticated styles; and JavaScript for scripting programs. Its ease of use makes it an ideal language for new coders.
It is easy to learn because:
It has a simple structure with human-readable opening and closing tags
You can use a WYSIWYG editor and watch the code change in the split view
You can find and fix bugs easily
- JavaScript
Along with HTML and CSS, JavaScript makes the internet. Front-end development swears by it. Using libraries like React and jQuery and frameworks like Angular, you can solve the web’s most complex problems. With Node.js, you also have server-side code covered.
It is easy to learn because:
It is made for non-programmers and is beginner-friendly. It is an ideal first programming language
It is so widespread that most browsers serve as default environments
You don’t need a compiler to see JavaScript in action and can see results instantly
JavaScript has a large community that’s helpful to new coders
- C
C is a general-purpose language that most programmers learn before moving on to more complex languages. From Unix and Windows to Tic Tac Toe and Photoshop, several of the most commonly used applications today have been built on C.
It is easy to learn because:
A simple syntax with only 32 keywords
Data structures are easy to understand
- Python
A successor to the ABC language, Python is a high-level general-purpose programming language. Python is a favorite among web developers, data scientists, ML/AI professionals, and embedded application developers.
It is easy to learn because:
The language is obsessive about code readability, often using English language words
It’s known for its generous use of whitespace, making it less intimidating
It has several libraries for various applications
It is supported by a huge community of programmers, who likely have the answer for all your questions
- Java
Java is a class-based, object-oriented general-purpose programming language. It is designed to function across environments—write once, run anywhere (WORA). It is one of the most popular languages among back end developers and security applications.
It is easy to learn because:
An intuitive syntax that’s concise and beginner-friendly
It is a structured language, leaving little room for deviation
If you have prior experience with object-oriented programming, it is even easier
hardest and easiest programming languages to learn
Hard programming languages
- C++
C++, an extension of C—which we said was an easy language to learn—is a general-purpose programming language. Google Chromium browser, several Microsoft applications, and even financial modeling at Morgan Stanley are said to be done with C++.
It is hard to learn because:
It has complex syntax to support versatility
It is a permissive language—you can do everything that’s technically possible, even if not logically right
It is best learned by someone who already has a foundation with C programming
- Prolog
Prolog is one of the first logic programming languages, now seeing adoption in artificial intelligence applications and natural language processing.
It is hard to learn because:
It is an unconventional language, its data structures are unlike other programming languages
It requires an unreasonably competent compiler
It forces the programmer to think hard about their logic upfront
Online resources and Prolog code can’t be applied to your needs without thought
- LISP
It is the second oldest programming language after FORTRAN, and is still used in higher-level systems and for artificial intelligence.
It is hard to learn because:
Its is a fragmented language with domain-specific solutions
Syntaxing in LISP extensively uses parentheses which can be difficult to get used to
- Haskell
Haskell is a polymorphically statically typed, purely functional language that is built on lambda calculus. Named after mathematician Haskell B Curry, it is primarily used in research, industrial applications, and teaching.
It is hard to learn because:
It follows a 100% functional paradigm, unlike most modern languages which accept imperative commands
It is difficult to understand the nuances of compilation and error fixing in Haskell
It involves intense use of jargon, which might put off beginners
- Malbolge
Named after the eighth circle of Hell in Dante’s Inferno, Malbolge is an example of “esolang” (esoteric programming language). It took two years for the first Malbolge program to be written. Other languages in this category are INTERCAL and Cow, which you might take up only as a challenge.
It is hard to learn because:
It uses an obscure notation
Not many programmers spend time learning it, hence fewer learning resources
It is a self-modifying language that results in erratic behavior
What’s the best programming language to learn?
The internet and social communities have given access to a world of resources to learn whatever we aspire to, including some of the world’s hardest programming languages. But choosing to learn the easy thing is like plucking the lowest hanging fruit. Its reach doesn’t automatically mean reward.
If you’re looking to learn a programming language, start with its usefulness. If you want to build a career in software development, web development, mobile app development, or even game development, HTML is a good place to start. For big data and data science, Python might be your best bet. Thankfully though, the languages that are most popular—C, Java, and Python—are fairly easy to learn.
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